my popfly demo—>PUZZLE
Mar
08
Contemporary Moral Problems
Book Review Chapter 1: Ethical Theories:
James Rachels: Egoism and Moral Skepticism
Amazon:
http://www.amazon.com/Contemporary-Moral-Problems-James-
White/dp/0534584306/ref=pd_bbs_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1233793391&sr=8-1
Quote:
“Theory of the right tries to tell us what is morally right and what is morally wrong.”
Review:
this book talks about how one individual’s mind works, it shows how ones interest work they are just
focused on things they love, they do not care about the things happening around them, this chapter shows
how the ego of an individual work and because of that ego, it takes conroll of a person’s capability to
contibute to society properlly it takes away the functionallity of an individual in society, people are not
always the same or the people you think that they are, you may never know what is going on in their
minds. for them they do not have an obligation on anything but only to their interest, to only things that
will benefit them.
What i have learned:
i have learned that because of the thought of egoism there can be different interpretations on how a human
being can unction can contribute in society, their only focus is themselves, what will do them good,not
caring about other people with their actions.
Contemporary Moral Problems
Book Review Chapter :2 Religion,Morality, and Concience
James Rachels: Egoism and Moral Skepticism
Amazon:
http://www.amazon.com/Contemporary-Moral-Problems-James-
White/dp/0534584306/ref=pd_bbs_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1233793391&sr=8-1
Quotation:
“Morality depends on socially learned language”
I agree with this quotation because the morality of an individual depends on the beliefs of a person, on his
culture, on the way the person grew up, how he interpreted actions in society, what a person sees in
society, it is up to him to distinguish the right from the wrong acts.
Learning expectations
I am expecting to learn what is the purpose of religion in lives of people, why does it have to be different
kind of beliefs in the world? I am also expecting to learn what is the purpose of morality to mankind, and
also what is conscience, I know what I is but why did it have to exist. I am also expecting to learn why
did they create morals but different beliefs why not have a uniform religion for everyone?
Review:
This part of the book explains the importance of religion in our lives, why is important for an individual
to have a certain religion, certain belief? This part of the book talks about the different individuality of
people because of different religions, people have their own beliefs, their own morals that they follow.
People have different standards of what is good and what is bad, what is right and what is wrong.
What I have learned:
I learned that people have their own standards of morals, with every belief; every religion an individual
has their own standard of morals. I learned that people who are truly dedicated to their religion has the
conscience to know whether their actions are right or wrong, people are always in a situation wherein they
our confused, I think every human being goes through this situation and I also learned that conscience is
what our minds are going through to survey our morals if it is right or wrong, the conscience is what put
human beings in guilt because of wrongful actions.
Contemporary Moral Problems
Book Review Chapter :1
Friedrich Nietzsche – Master and Slave Morality
Amazon:
http://www.amazon.com/Contemporary-Moral-Problems-James-
White/dp/0534584306/ref=pd_bbs_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1233793391&sr=8-1
Quotation:
“Particular morality is inseparable from the formation of a particular culture.”
Learning expectations
I am expecting to learn what is the mentality with the master- slave concept why did it have to
exist? There are different things that intrigue me about this slavery. From the title itself I am expecting to
learn the different issues concerning slavery because usually slavery is related to racism, that’s how I
always related slavery to things. I am expecting to learn that this chapter to explain the different concept
of why slavery had to exist in life.
Review:
“Slavery is a legal system facilitating exploitation of labor. Political economies permit slavery through
government and social sanction. Under slavery a worker (called “a slave”) is compelled to work for
another (sometimes called “the master” or “slave owner”).”
this chapter talks about how the system of a master-slavery works, the morals about this things, today in
any view this is wrong, no one should take advantage of any otrher person even if he has the power to do
it is not right.
What I have learned:
I have learned that there are things that can be helpful in our lives, people may thinks that just because it
is good they do not deserve it, people also think that what is good is too much to handle, people are
always in the situation to take advantage of what will benefit them, what will be good for them that is
how I understood the concept of how people take advantage of what is good.
Contemporary Moral Problems
Book Review Chapter 1: Ethical Theories:
Mary Midgley: Trying Out One’s New Sword
Library Reference: N/A
Amazon:
http://www.amazon.com/Contemporary-Moral-Problems-James-
White/dp/0534584306/ref=pd_bbs_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1233793391&sr=8-1
Quote:
“Consists in simply denying that we can never understand any culture except our own well enough to
make judgements about it”
Learning expectations
From the title, I am expecting to learn what does the title mean by trying out one’s new sword.
Review:
In this chapter Midgley discusses about moral isolation. In this chapter it was discussed about the
differences a.”Midgley provides numerous examples to show the importance of analyzing other culture’s
morals in order to form educated judgments about them. She gives an example of ancient Chinese
samurai warriors whom before going off to battle would test the sharpness of their swords on innocent
strangers in order to ends”. I this chapter they also discussed what is moral isolationism, the Japanese
custom of tsujigiri.
What I have learned:
In this chapter
I have learned about moral isolation also in this chapter I learned about the
the Japanese custom of tsujigiri. I learned different things that I was not expecting to learn.
Contemporary Moral Problems
Book Review Chapter 1: Ethical Theories:
John Stuart Mill defending Utilitarianism
Amazon:
http://www.amazon.com/Contemporary-Moral-Problems-James-
White/dp/0534584306/ref=pd_bbs_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1233793391&sr=8-1
Quote:
Learning expectations
I am expecting to learn why John Stuart Mill is defending Utilitarianism
Review:
“One of the points that John Stuart Mill responds to in his defense of utilitarian ethics was that the
utilitarianism advocates merely a bestial life of pleasure. Mill argues that by “happiness” he means
pleasure both intellectual and sensual. However, we have a sense of dignity which has us prefer
intellectual pleasures over sensual ones. He continues that the principle of utility involves an assessment
of only an action’s consequences, and not the motives or character traits of the agent performing the
action. In this regard, he rejects classical virtue theory.”from exampleessays.com
What I have learned:
I learned different things from this chapter I learned about the principle of utility, the difference between
higher and lower pleasures and Mill’s proof on utility.
Contemporary Moral Problems
Book Review Chapter 1: Ethical Theories:
James Rachels: The Debate over Utilitarianism
Amazon:
http://www.amazon.com/Contemporary-Moral-Problems-James-
White/dp/0534584306/ref=pd_bbs_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1233793391&sr=8-1
Quote:
Learning expectations
I am expecting to learn what is utilitarianism? what are the benefits of learning about utilitarianism. I am
also expecting to learn why are the different concepts behind utilitarianism
Review:
This chapter talks about Utilitarianism, Rachels gave the three positions on how Rachels summed up
utilitarianism. In this chapter it also showed the problems of hedonism. How the people who believes in
Utilitarianism disagree with Hedonism. They also showed the difference between rule-utilitarianism and
act of utilitarianism.
What I have learned:
I have learned what is utilitarianism, the different positions of utilitarianism, why are there debates about
utilitarianism and what is Hedonism.
Contemporary Moral Problems
Book Review Chapter 1: Ethical Theories:
Immanuel Kant: The Categorical Imperative
Amazon:
http://www.amazon.com/Contemporary-Moral-Problems-James-
White/dp/0534584306/ref=pd_bbs_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1233793391&sr=8-1
Quote:
Learning expectations
I am expecting to learn about categorical imperative, I do not have any idea about this, that is
why I am expecting to learn about this since it is the title of this chapter.
Review:
In this chapter Immanuel Kant discusses the differences of Hypothetical and Categorical imperative. Also
in this chapter Kant discusses how the actions of an individual can result to a moral maybe for a certain
individual only but not for the other people. Also in this chapter Immanuel Kant discusses his account on
goodwill, his perspective in goodwill
What I have learned:
I have learned about Kant’s account on goodwill, the difference between categorical and hypothetical
imperative, the different versions of categorical imperative.
Contemporary Moral Problems
Book Review Chapter 1: Ethical Theories:
ARISTOLE:HAPPINESS AND VIRTUE
Library Reference: N/A
Amazon:
http://www.amazon.com/Contemporary-Moral-Problems-James-
White/dp/0534584306/ref=pd_bbs_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1233793391&sr=8-1
Quote:
Learning expectations
I am expecting to learn about Aristotle’s perspective on happiness, how is happiness is related to virtue.
Review:
In Aristotle’s piece entitled “Happiness and Virtue,” he discusses the different types of virtues and
generally how one can achieve happiness. According to Aristotle, human happiness is a lifelong process.
It is continuously ongoing and the purpose has the end in itself. Happiness is an activity of the soul and in
that is an ongoing actualization of the soul’s potential for virtue. Being virtuous is self- sufficient in itself
and therefore leads to human happiness. There are four parts of the soul which are discussed. The first is
the vegetative which the sole activities are growth and nutrition. This is known as the natural virtue.
Every human has this portion in their soul yet it is still on the same level as lower organisms which
perform these basic metabolic processes. The nest and moderately more complex portion of the soul is the
sensitive area which evokes animalistic sensation, desires, and appetites. This is an example of what
Aristotle refers to as an ethical virtue. It is a habitual behavior where a “relative mean” between excess
and deficiency must be mastered according to circumstance.
What I have learned:
I learned about how we morality, moral virtue is related to happiness of a certain individual, I
also learned how people consider virtue in their lives to consider happiness as part of their daily
routines.
Contemporary Moral Problems
Book Review Chapter 1: Ethical Theories:
Joel Feinberg: The Nature and Value of Rights Library
Amazon:
http://www.amazon.com/Contemporary-Moral-Problems-James-
White/dp/0534584306/ref=pd_bbs_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1233793391&sr=8-1
Quote:
Learning expectations
I am expecting to learn about the different values and rights of people.
Review:
This chapter showed the different treatment to people, it showed what the purpose of rights in people’s
lives is. There are many aspects towards this, each individual has the right to express their actions, their
emotions, and there are so many things that could be learned from this chapter. In this chapter Feinberg
also discussed the concept of personal desert, there are many things in life that could be determined and
limited because of our rights
What I have learned:
I have learned different things about a person’s individuality.
Contemporary Moral Problems
Book Review Chapter 1: Ethical Theories:
Ronald Dworkin: Taking Rights Seriously
Amazon:
http://www.amazon.com/Contemporary-Moral-Problems-James-
White/dp/0534584306/ref=pd_bbs_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1233793391&sr=8-1
Quote:
Learning expectations
Before reading this chapter I am expecting to learn by what Dworkin mean by taking rights seriously.
Review:
In this chapter it talks about the different theories of law. In this chapter they also talk about the different
rights of people, the right of strong sense is also discussed, the also talk talked about legal and moral
rights, what are differences of the two? In this chapter they showed the different models of government
that will define the rights of the people.
What I have learned:
I learned the different models that will show or define the rights of people.
Contemporary Moral Problems
Book Review Chapter 1: Ethical Theories:
John Rawls: A Theory of Justice
Amazon:
http://www.amazon.com/Contemporary-Moral-Problems-James-
White/dp/0534584306/ref=pd_bbs_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1233793391&sr=8-1
Quote:
Learning expectations
Review:
In this part of the chapter it discussed about the different ethical theories about justice, there are
so many things to be learned about justice, people are always aware about their rights, it is therir
responsibility to know their capabilities and their limitations. People will always update
themselves concerning their rights people should be aware the morals connected to their actions.
What I have learned:
I learned about the different theories of justice
